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Barazana ta Duniya ta Hawan Jini (VTE)

Ciwon Zuciya (VTE), wani nau'in cutar Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) da Pulmonary Embolism (PE), yana kashe sama da rayuka 840,000 a duk duniya kowace shekara—daidai da mutuwa ɗaya a kowane daƙiƙa 37. Abin mamaki, kashi 60% na abubuwan da ke faruwa a VTE suna faruwa ne yayin da ake kwantar da marasa lafiya a asibiti, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwar da ba a shirya ba a asibiti. A China, yawan masu kamuwa da cutar VTE yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, yana kaiwa 14.2 a cikin mutane 100,000 a shekarar 2021, tare da sama da mutane 200,000 da suka kamu da cutar. Daga tsofaffi marasa lafiya bayan tiyata zuwa matafiya na kasuwanci a kan jiragen sama masu tsayi, haɗarin bugun jini na iya ɓoye a ɓoye—abin tunawa da yanayin VTE mai ban tsoro da yaɗuwa.

I. Wa Ke Cikin Haɗari? Bayyana Ƙungiyoyi Masu Haɗari Masu Yawa

Al'umma masu zuwa suna buƙatar ƙarin taka tsantsan:

1. "Wadanda Ba a Gani Ba" Masu Kwanciya a Kwanciya
   Zaman da aka yi na tsawon lokaci (sa'o'i sama da 4) yana rage kwararar jini sosai. Misali, wani mai shirye-shirye mai suna Zhang ya fara kumburin ƙafa bayan an yi canje-canje a kan lokaci a jere, kuma an gano yana da DVT - wani mummunan sakamako na toshewar jijiyoyin jini.

2. Rukunin Hadarin Iatrogenic

   • Marasa Lafiyar Tiyata: Marasa lafiya bayan an maye gurbinsu da gaɓɓai suna fuskantar haɗarin VTE na kashi 40% ba tare da maganin hana zubar jini ba.
   • Marasa Lafiyar Ciwon Daji: Mutuwar da ta shafi VTE ta kai kashi 9% na dukkan mace-macen da suka shafi ciwon daji. Wani majiyyaci mai suna Li, wanda bai yi amfani da maganin hana zubar jini a lokaci guda ba yayin da ake amfani da maganin chemotherapy, ya mutu sakamakon cutar PE - wani labari mai gargaɗi.
   • Mata Masu Ciki: Canjin hormones da matsewar jijiyoyin jini a mahaifa sun haifar da wata mata mai ciki mai suna Liu ta fuskanci rashin numfashi kwatsam a cikin watanni uku na ciki, wanda daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa tana da PE.

3. Marasa Lafiya Masu Dogon Lokaci Masu Haɗari Masu Tarin Haɗari
   Ƙara danko a jini ga masu kiba da masu ciwon suga, tare da raguwar yawan fitar da zuciya ga masu fama da ciwon zuciya, yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau na thrombosis.

Faɗakarwa Mai Muhimmanci: Nemi taimakon likita nan take idan ka ga kumburin ƙafafu ɗaya a lokaci guda, ciwon ƙirji tare da shaƙewa, ko kuma zubar jini a jiki—wannan tsere ne da lokaci.

II. Tsarin Tsaro Mai Mataki: Daga Tushe zuwa Rigakafin Daidaito

1. Rigakafin Tushe: "Mantra Mai Kalmomi Uku" don Rigakafin Thrombosis
   • Motsawa: Shiga cikin mintuna 30 na tafiya mai sauri ko iyo kowace rana. Ga ma'aikatan ofis, yi motsa jiki na famfo a idon ƙafa (daƙiƙa 10 na dorsiflexion + daƙiƙa 10 na plantarflexion, ana maimaitawa na mintuna 5) duk bayan awanni 2. Sashen kula da marasa lafiya na Asibitin Kwalejin Likitanci na Peking Union ya gano cewa wannan yana ƙara yawan kwararar jini a ƙananan gaɓoɓi da kashi 37%.
   • Ruwan Shafawa: Sha kofi ɗaya na ruwan dumi yayin farkawa, kafin kwanciya barci, da kuma lokacin farkawa da daddare (jimilla 1,500–2,500 mL/rana). Likitan zuciya Dr. Wang yakan shawarci marasa lafiya: "Kofi ɗaya na ruwa na iya rage kashi ɗaya cikin goma na haɗarin thrombosis."
   • Ku ci: Ku ci kifin salmon (mai wadataccen sinadarin hana kumburi Ω-3), albasa (quercetin yana hana tarin platelets), da kuma naman gwari baƙi (polysaccharides yana rage danko a jini).
2. Rigakafin Inji: Tuki Guduwar Jini ta amfani da Na'urorin Waje
   • Safa mai ɗauke da matsa lamba (GCS): Wata mata mai juna biyu mai suna Chen ta saka GCS tun daga mako na 20 na ciki har zuwa lokacin haihuwa, wanda hakan ke hana jijiyoyin jini na varicose da DVT.
   • Matsi na Numfashi na Lokaci-lokaci (IPC): Marasa lafiya da ke fama da ƙashin baya bayan tiyata da suka yi amfani da IPC sun ga raguwar haɗarin DVT da kashi 40%.
3. Rigakafin Magunguna: Gudanar da Maganin Hana Haihuwa Mai Tsabta
   Dangane da Maki na Caprini:

   Matsayin Hadari	Yawan Jama'a na yau da kullun	Yarjejeniyar Rigakafi
   Ƙasa (0–2)	Matasa marasa lafiya da ke fama da tiyatar tiyata mai ƙarancin cin zarafi	Farawa da wuri + IPC
   Matsakaici (3–4)	Marasa lafiya da ke da manyan tiyata ta Laparoscopic	Enoxaparin 40 mg/rana + IPC
   Babba (≥5)	Sauya kugu/masu fama da cutar kansa ta ci gaba	Rivaroxaban 10 MG/rana + IPC (tsawaita makonni 4 ga masu fama da cutar kansa)

Faɗakarwa game da hana amfani da coagulants: Ba a hana amfani da maganin hana coagulants idan akwai zubar jini mai aiki ko kuma adadin platelets <50×10⁹/L. Rigakafin inji ya fi aminci a irin waɗannan yanayi.

III. Yawan Jama'a na Musamman: Dabaru na Rigakafi da Aka Tanada

1. Marasa Lafiyar Ciwon daji
   Kimanta haɗari ta amfani da samfurin Khomana: Wani majiyyaci mai cutar kansar huhu mai suna Wang wanda ke da maki ≥4 yana buƙatar heparin mai ƙarancin nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta kowace rana. Sabuwar gwajin lambar barcode ta PEVB (96.8% na ji) tana ba da damar gano marasa lafiya masu haɗarin da wuri.

2. Mata Masu Ciki
   Warfarin ba a yarda da shi ba (haɗarin cutar teratogenic)! Ku canza zuwa enoxaparin, kamar yadda wata mata mai ciki mai suna Liu ta nuna, wadda ta haihu lafiya bayan an hana zubar jini har zuwa makonni 6 bayan haihuwa. Haihuwar Cesarean ko kuma kiba mai tsanani/tsohon shekarun uwa yana buƙatar maganin zubar jini nan take.

3. Marasa lafiya na ƙashin baya
   Dole ne a ci gaba da maganin hana zubar jini ≥ kwana 14 bayan maye gurbin cinya da kuma kwana 35 na karyewar cinya. Wani majiyyaci mai suna Zhang ya kamu da cutar PE bayan daina shan maganin da wuri - darasi kan bin ƙa'ida.

Sabuntawar Jagorar China ta 2025: Ci gaban da aka samu

1. Fasaha Mai Sauri Tantancewa
   Fasahar Ganowa Mai Sauri ta Jami'ar Westlake (Fast-DetectGPT) ta cimma daidaito kashi 90% wajen gano rubutu da aka samar ta hanyar AI, tana aiki sau 340 cikin sauri—tana taimakawa mujallu wajen tace bayanai marasa inganci na AI.

2. Ingantaccen Yarjejeniyar Magani

   • Gabatarwar "masifar PTE" (ƙananan bugun jini na systolic <90 mmHg + SpO₂ <90%), wanda ke haifar da shiga tsakani na ƙungiyar PERT ta fannoni daban-daban.
   • An ba da shawarar rage yawan apixaban don ciwon koda (eGFR 15–29 mL/min).

V. Aikin Haɗaka: Kawar da Ciwon Zuciya Ta Hanyar Hulɗar Duniya

1. Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya
   Kammala gwajin Caprini cikin awanni 24 bayan an kwantar da duk marasa lafiya a asibiti. Asibitin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Peking Union ya rage yawan kamuwa da cutar VTE da kashi 52% bayan aiwatar da wannan tsari.

2. Gudanar da Kai na Jama'a
   Rage nauyi da kashi 5% ga mutanen da ke da BMI sama da 30 yana rage haɗarin thrombosis da kashi 20%! Dakatar da shan taba da kuma kula da glycemic (HbA1c ƙasa da 7%) suna da matuƙar muhimmanci.

3. Samun Fasaha
   Duba lambobin don koyaswar motsa jiki na famfon ƙafa. Ayyukan hayar na'urorin IPC yanzu sun shafi birane 200.

Babban Saƙo: VTE wani abu ne mai hanawa, wanda za a iya sarrafa shi da shi. Fara da motsa jiki na famfon ƙafa na gaba. Fara da gilashin ruwa na gaba. Ci gaba da gudana cikin sauƙi.

Nassoshi

1. Gwamnatin Karamar Hukumar Yantai. (2024).Ilimi Kan Lafiya Kan Thromboembolism Na Venous.
2. Jagororin Sin don Rigakafi da Maganin Cututtukan Thrombotic(2025).
3. Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin Cibiyar Lissafi da Sinadarai. (2025).Sabbin Ci Gaba a Hasashen Hadarin VTE ga Marasa Lafiyar Ciwon Daji.
4. Ilimi kan Lafiyar Jama'a. (2024).Rigakafin Tushe ga Al'ummar da ke da Haɗarin VTE.
5. Jami'ar Westlake. (2025).Rahoton Fasaha na Ganowa Cikin Sauri (GPT).