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TARIHI DA JUYIN HALITTA NA CIWON HANCI

Shan magunguna ta hanyar allurar rigakafi ya samo asali ne tun ƙarni na sha bakwai lokacin da Christopher Wren ya yi wa kare allurar opium ta amfani da maganin goose quill da mafitsara, kuma karen ya yi "mamaki". A shekarun 1930, an shigar da maganin hexobarbital da pentothal cikin aikin likitanci.

A shekarun 1960 ne aka samar da samfura da lissafi don allurar IV, kuma a shekarun 1980, an gabatar da tsarin allurar IV mai sarrafa kwamfuta. A shekarar 1996, aka gabatar da tsarin allurar farko mai sarrafa manufa ('Diprufusor').

MA'ANA

A jiko mai sarrafa manufawani magani ne da ake sarrafawa ta hanyar da za a yi ƙoƙarin cimma yawan magungunan da mai amfani ya ƙayyade a cikin sashin jiki ko sashin jiki na sha'awa. Wannan ra'ayi ne da Kruger Thiemer ya fara ba da shawara a shekarar 1968.

MAGUNGUNA

Yawan rarrabawa.

Wannan shine girman da aka bayyana a cikinsa da aka rarraba maganin. Ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar dabarar: Vd = kashi/haɗarin maganin. Ƙimar sa ta dogara ne akan ko an ƙididdige shi a lokacin sifili - bayan bolus (Vc) ko kuma a yanayin da ya dace bayan jiko (Vss).

Ragewa.

Ragewar jini yana wakiltar yawan jinin da ake zubar da maganin a kowane lokaci na raka'a domin a tantance yadda aka fitar da shi daga jiki. Ragewar jini = Ragewar jini X Vp.

Yayin da sharewa ke ƙaruwa, rabin rai yana raguwa, kuma yayin da ƙarar rarrabawa ke ƙaruwa, rabin rai ma yana raguwa. Haka kuma ana iya amfani da sharewa don bayyana yadda maganin ke tafiya da sauri tsakanin sassa. Da farko ana rarraba maganin zuwa sashin tsakiya kafin a rarraba shi zuwa sassan gefe. Idan an san ƙarar farko ta rarrabawa (Vc) da yawan da ake so don tasirin magani (Cp), yana yiwuwa a ƙididdige adadin lodi don cimma wannan yawan:

Yawan lodawa = Cp x Vc

Haka kuma ana iya amfani da shi don ƙididdige adadin bolus da ake buƙata don ƙara yawan haɗuwa cikin sauri yayin ci gaba da jiko: Yawan Bolus = (Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Yawan jiko don kiyaye yanayin da ya dace = Cp X Clearance.

Tsarin jiko mai sauƙi ba ya cimma daidaiton yawan sinadarin plasma har sai aƙalla sau biyar na rabin rayuwar cirewar. Ana iya cimma yawan da ake so cikin sauri idan aka bi kashi na bolus sannan aka yi amfani da yawan jiko.