Labarai

TARIHI DA JUYIN HALITTAR CIWON ANSHESIA

Gudanar da magunguna a cikin jijiya ya samo asali ne a karni na sha bakwai lokacin da Christopher Wren ya allurar opium a cikin kare ta hanyar amfani da guzki da mafitsara na alade kuma kare ya zama 'marasa rai'. A cikin 1930s an gabatar da hexobarbital da pentothal cikin aikin asibiti.

A cikin 1960s Pharmacokinetic ne aka samar da samfura da daidaito don infusions na IV kuma a cikin 1980s, an gabatar da tsarin sarrafa jiko na kwamfuta na IV. A cikin 1996 an ƙaddamar da tsarin farko na sarrafa jiko ('Diprufusor').

BAYANI

A manufa sarrafawa jikojiko ne da aka sarrafa ta irin wannan hanyar don ƙoƙarin cimma ma'anar ma'anar ma'anar ƙwayar ƙwayoyi a cikin sashin jiki na sha'awa ko nama na sha'awa. Kruger Thiemer ne ya fara ba da shawarar wannan ra'ayi a cikin 1968.

PHARMACOKINETICS

Girman rarrabawa.

Wannan shine ƙarar bayyane wanda aka rarraba miyagun ƙwayoyi. Ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar dabara: Vd = kashi / tattarawar ƙwayoyi. Darajarsa ya dogara ne akan ko an ƙididdige shi a lokacin sifili - bayan bolus (Vc) ko kuma a tsaye bayan jiko (Vss).

Tsaftacewa.

Tsabtatawa yana wakiltar ƙarar plasma (Vp) daga abin da aka kawar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a kowane lokaci na lokaci don asusu don kawar da shi daga jiki. Share = Kawar da X Vp.

Yayin da ƙãra ƙãra rabin rayuwa ya ragu, kuma yayin da adadin rarraba ya karu haka rabin rayuwa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da sharewa don bayyana yadda sauri miyagun ƙwayoyi ke motsawa tsakanin sassan. An fara rarraba miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin sashin tsakiya kafin rarrabawa zuwa sassan gefe. Idan an san ƙarar farko na rarraba (Vc) da maida hankali da ake so don tasirin warkewa (Cp), yana yiwuwa a ƙididdige adadin lodi don cimma wannan taro:

Adadin lodawa = Cp x Vc

Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don lissafin adadin bolus da ake buƙata don haɓaka haɓaka da sauri yayin jiko mai ci gaba: Bolus dose = (Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Adadin jiko don kula da tsayayyen yanayi = Tsabtace Cp X.

Sauƙaƙan tsarin jiko ba sa samun daidaiton yanayin ƙwayar jini na jini har sai aƙalla sau biyar na kawar da rabin rayuwa. Za a iya samun maida hankali da ake so da sauri idan kashi na bolus yana biye da adadin jiko.