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Kusan shekaru 130 kenan, kamfanin General Electric yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun da ke Amurka. Yanzu haka yana durƙushewa.
A matsayin alamar kirkirar Amurka, wannan karfin masana'antu ya sanya nasa alama a kan kayayyaki tun daga injinan jet zuwa kwararan fitila, kayan kicin zuwa na'urorin X-ray. Asalin wannan kamfani za a iya samo shi ne daga Thomas Edison. A da shi ne kololuwar nasarar kasuwanci kuma an san shi da ribar da yake samu, ƙarfin kamfanoni da kuma ci gaba mai ɗorewa.
Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yayin da General Electric ke ƙoƙarin rage ayyukan kasuwanci da kuma biyan manyan basussuka, tasirinta mai yawa ya zama matsala da ke addabar ta. Yanzu, a cikin abin da Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa Larry Culp (Larry Culp) ya kira "lokacin yanke shawara", General Electric ya kammala da cewa zai iya fitar da mafi girman daraja ta hanyar rushe kansa.
Kamfanin ya sanar a ranar Talata cewa GE Healthcare na shirin fara aiki a farkon shekarar 2023, kuma sassan makamashi da wutar lantarki masu sabuntawa za su kafa sabuwar kasuwancin makamashi a farkon shekarar 2024. Sauran kasuwancin GE za su mayar da hankali kan harkokin sufurin jiragen sama kuma Culp zai jagorance su.
Culp ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa: "Duniya tana buƙata - kuma yana da daraja - mu yi iya ƙoƙarinmu don magance manyan ƙalubalen jirgin sama, kiwon lafiya da makamashi." "Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kamfanoni uku da suka fi fice a duniya a masana'antu, kowane kamfani zai iya amfana daga rarraba jari mafi mai da hankali da kuma sassaucin dabaru, ta haka ne zai haifar da ci gaba da ƙimar abokan ciniki, masu zuba jari da ma'aikata na dogon lokaci."
Kayayyakin kamfanin GE sun shiga kowace kusurwa ta rayuwar zamani: rediyo da kebul, jiragen sama, wutar lantarki, kiwon lafiya, kwamfuta, da ayyukan kuɗi. A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan asali na Dow Jones Industrial Average, hannun jarinsa ya taɓa kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin hannun jarin da aka fi riƙewa a ƙasar. A shekarar 2007, kafin rikicin kuɗi, General Electric shine kamfani na biyu mafi girma a duniya ta ƙimar kasuwa, wanda ya yi daidai da Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell da Toyota.
Amma yayin da manyan kamfanonin fasaha na Amurka ke ɗaukar nauyin ƙirƙira, General Electric ya rasa tagomashin masu zuba jari kuma yana da wahalar haɓakawa. Kayayyaki daga Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, da Amazon sun zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar Amurka ta zamani, kuma darajar kasuwarsu ta kai tiriliyan daloli. A lokaci guda, Janar Electric ya lalace sakamakon shekaru na bashi, saye-saye ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma rashin gudanar da ayyuka yadda ya kamata. Yanzu yana da darajar kasuwa ta kusan dala biliyan 122.
Dan Ives, manajan darakta na Wedbush Securities, ya ce Wall Street ta yi imanin cewa ya kamata a yi wannan zagayen tun da daɗewa.
Ives ya shaida wa jaridar Washington Post a cikin wani imel a ranar Talata cewa: "Manyan kamfanoni na gargajiya kamar General Electric, General Motors, da IBM dole ne su ci gaba da zamani, domin waɗannan kamfanonin Amurka suna kallon madubi suna ganin ci gaba da raguwa da rashin inganci. "Wannan wani babi ne a cikin dogon tarihin GE kuma alama ce ta zamani a cikin wannan sabuwar duniyar dijital."
A lokacin da yake kan gaba, kamfanin GE ya kasance mai alaƙa da kirkire-kirkire da kuma ƙwarewar kamfanoni. Jack Welch, shugabansa na duniya, ya rage yawan ma'aikata kuma ya haɓaka kamfanin ta hanyar saye-saye. A cewar mujallar Fortune, lokacin da Welch ya karɓi mulki a 1981, kamfanin General Electric ya kai darajar dala biliyan 14, kuma ya mallaki sama da dala biliyan 400 lokacin da ya bar mulki kimanin shekaru 20 bayan haka.
A zamanin da ake yaba wa manyan jami'ai saboda mayar da hankali kan riba maimakon duba kuɗaɗen zamantakewa na kasuwancinsu, ya zama abin koyi ga ikon kamfanoni. Jaridar "Financial Times" ta kira shi "uban ƙungiyar masu hannun jari" kuma a shekarar 1999, mujallar "Fortune" ta kira shi "manajan ƙarni".
A shekara ta 2001, an miƙa wa Jeffrey Immelt shugabancin kamfanin, wanda ya gyara mafi yawan gine-ginen da Welch ya gina, kuma ya fuskanci manyan asara da suka shafi ayyukan wutar lantarki da ayyukan kuɗi na kamfanin. A lokacin shekaru 16 na Immelt, darajar hannun jarin kamfanin GE ta ragu da fiye da kwata.
Lokacin da Culp ta karɓi mulki a shekarar 2018, kamfanin GE ya riga ya raba kayan aikinsa na gida, robobi da harkokin kuɗi. Wayne Wicker, Babban Jami'in Zuba Jari na MissionSquare Retirement, ya ce matakin da aka ɗauka na ƙara raba kamfanin yana nuna "ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan dabarun da Culp ke da su."
"Ya ci gaba da mai da hankali kan sauƙaƙe jerin kasuwancin da ya gada masu sarkakiya, kuma wannan matakin yana ba wa masu zuba jari hanyar da za su iya tantance kowace sashin kasuwanci da kansu," in ji Wick ga Washington Post a cikin imel. "Kowace ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kamfanoni za su sami nasu kwamitin gudanarwa, wanda zai iya mai da hankali kan ayyuka yayin da suke ƙoƙarin ƙara darajar masu hannun jari."
Kamfanin General Electric ya rasa matsayinsa a cikin Dow Jones Index a shekarar 2018 kuma ya maye gurbinsa da Walgreens Boots Alliance a cikin blue chip index. Tun daga shekarar 2009, farashin hannun jarinsa ya faɗi da kashi 2% kowace shekara; a cewar CNBC, akasin haka, S&P 500 index yana da riba ta shekara-shekara na kashi 9%.
A cikin sanarwar, General Electric ya bayyana cewa ana sa ran zai rage bashin da ke kansa da dala biliyan 75 nan da karshen shekarar 2021, kuma jimillar bashin da ya rage ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 65 na Amurka. Amma a cewar Colin Scarola, wani mai sharhi kan harkokin hannun jari a CFRA Research, bashin da ke kan kamfanin na iya ci gaba da addabar sabuwar kamfanin mai zaman kansa.
"Rabuwar ba abin mamaki ba ne, domin General Electric ta shafe shekaru tana karkatar da harkokin kasuwanci a kokarin rage yawan kudaden da take kashewa," in ji Scarola a cikin wani sharhi da aka aika wa jaridar Washington Post a ranar Talata. "Ba a samar da tsarin tsarin jari bayan an yi amfani da kudin ba, amma ba za mu yi mamaki ba idan kamfanin da aka yi amfani da kudin ya ji nauyin bashin GE na yanzu, kamar yadda yake faruwa a irin wadannan gyare-gyare."
Hannun jarin General Electric sun rufe kan dala $111.29 a ranar Talata, wanda ya karu da kusan kashi 2.7%. A cewar bayanan MarketWatch, hannun jarin ya karu da sama da kashi 50% a shekarar 2021.